GKE cluster versions have been updated. New versions available for upgrades and new clusters
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## Change
#### (2025-R03) Version updates
GKE cluster versions have been updated.
**New versions available for upgrades and new clusters.**
The following Kubernetes versions are now available for new clusters and for opt-in control plane upgrades and node upgrades for existing clusters. For more information on versioning and upgrades, see [GKE versioning and support](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/versioning)and [Upgrades](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/upgrades).
### Rapid channel
**Note:** Your clusters might not have these versions available. Rollouts are already in progress when we publish the release notes, and can take multiple days to complete across all Google Cloud zones.
* Version [1.31.4-gke.1372000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) is now the default version for cluster creation in the Rapid channel.
* The following versions are now available in the Rapid channel:
* [1.28.15-gke.1641000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815)
* [1.29.13-gke.1006000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12913)
* [1.30.8-gke.1282000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308)
* [1.30.9-gke.1009000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1309)
* [1.31.5-gke.1023000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1315)
* [1.32.1-gke.1002000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.32.md#v1321)
* The following versions are no longer available in the Rapid channel:
* 1.28.15-gke.1480000
* 1.29.12-gke.1120000
* 1.30.8-gke.1162000
* 1.30.8-gke.1224000
* 1.31.4-gke.1183000
* 1.32.0-gke.1709000
* Auto-upgrade targets are now available for the following minor versions:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.27 to version [1.28.15-gke.1503000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.29.12-gke.1143000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.29 to version [1.30.8-gke.1261000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.30 to version [1.31.4-gke.1256000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) with this release.
* The following patch-only version auto-upgrade targets are now available for clusters with [maintenance exclusions](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/maintenance-windows-and-exclusions#exclusions) or other factors preventing minor version upgrades:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.28.15-gke.1503000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.29 to version [1.29.12-gke.1143000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.30 to version [1.30.8-gke.1261000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Rapid channel will be upgraded from version 1.31 to version [1.31.4-gke.1256000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) with this release.
### Regular channel
**Note:** Your clusters might not have these versions available. Rollouts are already in progress when we publish the release notes, and can take multiple days to complete across all Google Cloud zones.
* Version [1.31.4-gke.1183000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) is now the default version for cluster creation in the Regular channel.
* The following versions are now available in the Regular channel:
* [1.28.15-gke.1503000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815)
* [1.29.12-gke.1143000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912)
* [1.30.8-gke.1162000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308)
* [1.31.4-gke.1256000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314)
* The following versions are no longer available in the Regular channel:
* 1.28.15-gke.1435000
* 1.29.12-gke.1055000
* 1.30.8-gke.1051000
* 1.31.3-gke.1162000
* Auto-upgrade targets are now available for the following minor versions:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.27 to version [1.28.15-gke.1480000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.29.12-gke.1120000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.29 to version [1.30.8-gke.1128000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308) with this release.
* The following patch-only version auto-upgrade targets are now available for clusters with [maintenance exclusions](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/maintenance-windows-and-exclusions#exclusions) or other factors preventing minor version upgrades:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.28.15-gke.1480000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.29 to version [1.29.12-gke.1120000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.30 to version [1.30.8-gke.1128000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Regular channel will be upgraded from version 1.31 to version [1.31.4-gke.1183000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) with this release.
### Stable channel
**Note:** Your clusters might not have these versions available. Rollouts are already in progress when we publish the release notes, and can take multiple days to complete across all Google Cloud zones.
* The following versions are now available in the Stable channel:
* [1.28.15-gke.1435000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815)
* [1.29.12-gke.1055000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912)
* [1.30.8-gke.1051000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308)
* Version 1.30.6-gke.1596000 is no longer available in the Stable channel.
### Extended channel
**Note:** Your clusters might not have these versions available. Rollouts are already in progress when we publish the release notes, and can take multiple days to complete across all Google Cloud zones.
* Version [1.31.4-gke.1183000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) is now the default version for cluster creation in the Extended channel.
* The following versions are now available in the Extended channel:
* [1.27.16-gke.2142000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md#v12716)
* [1.27.16-gke.2270000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md#v12716)
* [1.28.15-gke.1503000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815)
* [1.29.12-gke.1143000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912)
* [1.30.8-gke.1162000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308)
* [1.31.4-gke.1256000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314)
* The following versions are no longer available in the Extended channel:
* 1.27.16-gke.2081000
* 1.27.16-gke.2246000
* 1.28.15-gke.1435000
* 1.29.12-gke.1055000
* 1.30.8-gke.1051000
* 1.31.3-gke.1162000
* The following patch-only version auto-upgrade targets are now available for clusters with [maintenance exclusions](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/maintenance-windows-and-exclusions#exclusions) or other factors preventing minor version upgrades:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Extended channel will be upgraded from version 1.27 to version [1.27.16-gke.2122000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md#v12716) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Extended channel will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.28.15-gke.1480000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Extended channel will be upgraded from version 1.29 to version [1.29.12-gke.1120000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Extended channel will be upgraded from version 1.30 to version [1.30.8-gke.1128000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled in the Extended channel will be upgraded from version 1.31 to version [1.31.4-gke.1183000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) with this release.
### No channel
**Note:** Your clusters might not have these versions available. Rollouts are already in progress when we publish the release notes, and can take multiple days to complete across all Google Cloud zones.
* Version [1.31.4-gke.1183000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) is now the default version for cluster creation.
* The following versions are now available:
* [1.28.15-gke.1641000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815)
* [1.29.13-gke.1006000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12913)
* [1.30.8-gke.1282000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308)
* [1.30.9-gke.1009000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1309)
* [1.31.5-gke.1023000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1315)
* The following node versions are now available:
* [1.27.16-gke.2270000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.27.md#v12716)
* [1.28.15-gke.1641000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815)
* [1.29.13-gke.1006000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12913)
* [1.30.8-gke.1282000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1308)
* [1.30.9-gke.1009000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.30.md#v1309)
* [1.31.5-gke.1023000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1315)
* The following versions are no longer available:
* 1.30.6-gke.1596000
* 1.30.8-gke.1224000
* 1.31.3-gke.1006000
* 1.31.3-gke.1162000
* Auto-upgrade targets are now available for the following minor versions:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled will be upgraded from version 1.27 to version [1.28.15-gke.1480000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.29.12-gke.1120000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* The following patch-only version auto-upgrade targets are now available for clusters with [maintenance exclusions](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/maintenance-windows-and-exclusions#exclusions) or other factors preventing minor version upgrades:
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled will be upgraded from version 1.28 to version [1.28.15-gke.1480000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.28.md#v12815) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled will be upgraded from version 1.29 to version [1.29.12-gke.1120000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.29.md#v12912) with this release.
* Control planes and nodes with auto-upgrade enabled will be upgraded from version 1.31 to version [1.31.4-gke.1183000](https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.31.md#v1314) with this release.
## Feature
User-managed firewall rules for GKE LoadBalancer Services is now generally available on GKE clusters running version 1.31.3-gke.1056000 or later. By allowing user-managed firewall rules for GKE LoadBalancer Services, advanced firewall policies can now be configured to control ingress traffic to your GKE Services exposed with passthrough network load balancers. To learn more, see [User-managed firewall rules for GKE LoadBalancer Services](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/user-managed-firewall-rules).
## Feature
You can now [customize a node system configuration](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/node-system-config#kubelet-options) with the following new kubelet and sysctl configuration options:
* Kubelet
* containerLogMaxSize
* containerLogMaxFiles
* imageGcLowThresholdPercent
* imageGcHighThresholdPercent
* imageMinimumGcAge
* imageMaximumGcAge (1.30.7-gke.1076000 and later, 1.31.3-gke.1023000 and later)
* allowedUnsafeSysctls (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
* Sysctl
* kernel.shmmni
* kernel.shmmax
* kernel.shmall
* net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_acct (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
* net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_max (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
* net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_buckets (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
* net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_tcp\_timeout\_close\_wait (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
* net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_tcp\_timeout\_established (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
* net.netfilter.nf\_conntrack\_tcp\_timeout\_time\_wait (1.32.0-gke.1448000 and later)
To learn more, see [Kubelet configuration options](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/node-system-config#kubelet-options) and [Sysctl configuration options](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/node-system-config#sysctl-options).
## Change
Starting with GKE version 1.32.1-gke.1002000, the default OS image for Ubuntu is updated from Ubuntu 22.04 to Ubuntu 24.04.